Know Malnutrition in Children - Malnutrition is a clinical condition caused by improper diet
or insufficient. Malnutrition is a disease category that include: malnutrition
(under nutrition), obesity and overweight (overweight), and micro nutrient
deficiencies (micronutrients deficiency, also known as "hidden
hunger").
Malnutrition in children is very disruptive process of
growth and development, because at this age of nutrients is needed to build a
healthy body and mentally strong. Moreover, malnutrition at this age can also
have an impact on the emergence of various diseases when the child grows into
adolescence or adulthood.
When is a Child Suspected of Having Malnutrition?
A malnourished child can be suspected if not fulfill the
characteristics of well-nourished children. The characteristics of
well-nourished children are: increasing age, increasingly dense and grow tall,
upright posture and muscle dense, shiny and strong hair, skin and nails clean
and not pale, cheerful face, eyes clear and fresh lips, teeth clean and pink
gums, good appetite and regular bowel movements, moving actively and speak
fluently by age, attentive and actively react, and can sleep soundly. Easily,
malnutrition in children can be identified by the presence of low physical
development. For example, the child's body is too short for his age, too thin,
or too fat.
Much malnutrition occurred in Children
When you look back on the above definition, types of
malnutrition may vary, depending on what nutrients are lacking or excessive.
However, in this discussion will only discuss two types of malnutrition that is
directly related to nutritional status, namely: lack of nutrition and
overweight.
1. Under nutrition
Malnutrition in infants and children are caused by low
consumption of energy and protein in the daily diet that does not meet the
nutritional needs of numbers (RDA). Signs of malnutrition in infants and
children are the lower weight of the child's age, weight babies do not go up
for 3 months, and children are often sick, less active, and cranky. In
addition, the child usually also have a high or a body length, head
circumference, and arm circumference less than normal children.
Detection of malnutrition can be done through, weighing and
measuring the length / height of children regularly on health service centers.
Through weighing and measurement can be seen Weight child by age (W / A), the
child's height for age (TB / U), and the child's weight for height (TB / U), so
it can be determined whether the normal nutritional status, thin (underweight),
or obese (overweight).
Assessment results of measurements can be performed using
KMS graphics card (simple) or with the WHO table NCHS (National Center for
Health Statistics). When using KMS card, how the assessment is to match the
child's age and weight connecting the curve. When still in the green line means
good nutritional status of the child, while if below the red line means poor
nutritional status. Other measurement standards that are widely used standard
WHO- NCHS from the United States, namely:
- 1. Malnourished lighter weight for age (W / A) = 80-70% raw WHO-NCHS median and / or weight for height (W / H) = 90-80% raw-NCHS median WHO¬
- 2. Malnourished being when weight for age (W / A) = 70-60% raw WHO-NCHS median and / or weight for height (W / H) = 80-70% raw-NCHS median WHO¬
- 3. Malnourished weight when weight for age (W / A) = <60% standard WHO-NCHS median and / or weight for height (W / H) <70% of the median standard WHO-NCHS
2. Excess Weight Loss (Obesity)
Obesity is overweight as a result of excessive accumulation
of body fat, which occurs when the consumption of more calories than the body
needs. Obesity includes several factors such as genetic, psychological, and
environmental like behavior / pattern / lifestyle, for example, what to eat,
how many times a day he eats, as well as any activity. Obesity in children also
needs to watch out, because weight gain is likely to impact on other things
such as glucose intolerance, and hypertension.
Click Here to see an explanation of the Obesity
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